Unraveling the Impact of Modifiable Behaviors on Menstrual Health in Medical Students of Nawaz Sharif Medical College GujratA Cross Sectional Study

Abstract

Background: Menstrual cycle is a sensitive indicator of women’s physical and psychological health, and disturbances in its timing or flow can impair well-being, academic performance, and daily functioning. University students are especially vulnerable to menstrual irregularity due to rapidly changing lifestyle patterns, nutritional habits, stress levels, and sleep behaviors. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of menstrual irregularities among female medical students and to identify lifestyle factors associated with these disturbances. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among female students aged 18–28 years at Nawaz Sharif Medical College in Pakistan. Participants were selected through simple random sampling and completed a structured questionnaire that assessed menstrual patterns, sleep quality, stress, physical activity, diet, and body mass index. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, chi-square testing, non-parametric group comparisons, correlation analysis, and binary logistic regression. Results: Results showed that nearly one in four students experienced irregular menstrual cycles. Higher body mass index and elevated perceived stress were significantly associated with irregularity, while regression analysis revealed that higher body mass index, poor sleep quality, a nd greater caffeine intake independently predicted menstrual disturbances. Dietary patterns and physical activity did not show significant associations after adjustment. Conclusion: The findings indicate that modifiable lifestyle factors play a meaningful role in menstrual health among young women. Promoting healthy weight maintenance, improving sleep hygiene, reducing excessive caffeine use, and supporting stress-management strategies may enhance menstrual regularity and overall well-being in university populations.    

Keywords

References

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